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A trouble alarm signal in fire protection systems specifically indicates that there is a malfunction within the system. This could involve various issues, such as equipment failure, a circuit problem, or any conditions that prevent the system from functioning properly. The purpose of this alarm is to alert the system operator or management that there is something wrong that needs to be addressed to ensure the system remains operational.

In contrast to this, other choices describe different situations. A routine check does not trigger a trouble alarm; it's part of standard preventive maintenance. A fire in progress would activate a fire alarm signal, indicating immediate danger rather than a malfunction. The need for maintenance may relate to a routine schedule or preventive measures but is not specifically indicated by a trouble alarm signal, which is focused more on malfunctions rather than scheduled upkeep. Thus, the indication of a malfunction by a trouble alarm is critical in maintaining the integrity and functionality of fire protection systems.